Home gardens in dry lands: factors influencing residents’ engagement in semi-arid Ghana

Purpose Domestic gardens constitute an important component of sustainable living, contributing to environmental sustainability and community well-being. This study aims to examine and classify the factors influencing residents’ engagement in domestic gardening in semi-arid regions of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining household surveys, field observations and a review of relevant literature. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to rank 16 factors influencing engagement, while Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying components of these factors. Findings This study revealed that engagement in domestic gardening is primarily driven by food provision and income generation, with fresh produce emerging as the most influential factor. Environmental functions, including soil maintenance and flood mitigation, were also identified as important but secondary considerations. The factors were grouped into two components, Eco-Livelihood Benefits of Domestic Gardens and Socio-Functional Enablers of Domestic Gardening, highlighting the multifunctional nature of domestic gardens. Research limitations/implications The findings have implications for urban planning and community development, suggesting that promoting domestic gardening requires improved access to resources, strengthened environmental education and enhanced community engagement strategies. Originality/value This study provides an integrated classification of factors influencing domestic gardening, which strengthens the role in supporting livelihoods, environmental management and resilience in semi-arid regions.