Histories of Victimization: Experiences from Victim-Survivors of Intimate Partner Firearm Violence who Petition for Domestic Violence Restraining Orders

Abstract Purpose The presence of firearms in intimate partner violence significantly heightens the risk of homicide, given the unparalleled lethality of these weapons. However, firearms are also used non-fatally by an abusive partner against their victimized partner. This might include threatening, or displaying a firearm to terrorize, signal a threat, or elicit compliance. Knowing an abusive partner has access to a firearm can be enough for the victimized partner to feel significant fear. In situations of intimate partner firearm violence (IPFV), victim-survivors may seek a domestic violence restraining order (DVRO) which may carry firearm prohibitions against the abusive partner. Much of the literature regarding victim-survivor’s of IPFV who petition for DVROs draws on court records and limited research has been conducted with petitioners themselves. Methods Drawing on guided survey interviews with a sample of IPFV victim-survivors who have petitioned for a DVRO in three Midwestern states, we examine the events that led them to petition as well as their histories of abuse. Results We offer a deeper understanding of IPFV, underscoring the chronic constellation of abuse that victim–survivors endure. This has implications for researchers, practitioners, and community members to fully recognize how non-fatal firearm violence operates. Conclusions We challenge harmful misconceptions surrounding victim-survivors who petition for DVROs to emphasize that petitioners need the orders they seek.