Toward green digital transformation through governance conditions and environmental sustainability in Surakarta City

Abstract Background This study explores the environmental dimensions of Surakarta’s emerging digital ecosystem by examining how digital transformation intersects with sustainability goals. Objective As the city accelerates its shift toward a technology-driven economy, digital infrastructure, smart services, and innovation hubs such as Solo Technopark present significant opportunities to reduce resource consumption, improve environmental monitoring, and support greener urban management. Methodology Findings from interviews and document analysis reveal that digital initiatives, ranging from smart mobility systems to eco-efficient business processes, hold strong potential to lower emissions and enhance environmental governance. Results However, several sustainability barriers persist, including rising energy demand from data-driven operations, limited integration of green standards into ICT development, and gaps in environmental awareness among stakeholders. Unique contribution Additionally, insufficient green infrastructure and uneven technological capacity hinder the transition toward an environmentally responsible digital ecosystem. Conclusion This study argues that achieving a truly green digital transformation requires aligning technological innovation with ecological priorities, strengthening regulatory frameworks, and fostering cross-sector collaboration. Key recommendation By highlighting both the potential and the obstacles, the research underscores the need for a sustainability-centered digital strategy to ensure that Surakarta’s digital growth contributes meaningfully to environmental resilience and long-term ecological well-being.