Ovarian Cancer in Women Living With HIV: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Management

The growing concern over the intersection of ovarian cancer [OC] and Human Immunodeficiency Virus [HIV] among women has prompted considerable scientific inquiry into the possible implications of HIV for the incidence of ovarian malignancies. This review explores the occurrence of OC in HIV-positive women, examining the multifaceted pathophysiological interactions that may contribute to ovarian tumorigenesis in this population. The primary aim of the research is to evaluate the possible association between HIV infection and OC development, with a focus on immune dysfunction, viral load, and antiretroviral therapy as potential contributors. This review synthesizes findings from epidemiological studies, clinical trials, and laboratory investigations to highlight the complex interplay of immunosuppression and cancerogenesis in the context of HIV infection. The significance of this work lies in its potential to inform targeted healthcare strategies and interventions for HIV-positive women, addressing both cancer prevention and management in this vulnerable group. Methodologically, this review assesses the results of a comprehensive analysis of cross-sectional studies, cohort data, and case-control studies to evaluate the relationship between HIV and OC risk. The findings suggest that the association between HIV and OC remains incompletely understood, as the available evidence is limited, heterogeneous, and largely observational; possible contributing factors may include chronic inflammation, immune suppression, and long-term antiretroviral drug use. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersection of viral infections and cancer risk, with important implications for future research and public health policy. The practical significance of this research lies in its potential to support clinical awareness and improve recognition of this underexplored issue in HIV-positive women.