Projective Ontologies in Contemporary Literature: Systematization and Comparison of Approaches

In contemporary philosophical, physical, and cognitive literature, there is a growing number of approaches using the concept of "projection" to explain the nature of reality, consciousness, and cognition. However, these approaches exist in isolation, without systematic comparison and a unified classification. This article offers the first systematic typology and comparative analysis of projective ontologies in contemporary literature. Five types of approaches are identified: horizontal (without hierarchy), vertical (with hierarchy), philosophical (phenomenological), physicalist (holographic), and neuroscientific. Seven criteria are introduced for comparison: presence of hierarchy, physical mechanism, access parameter, status of the subject, source of projection, connection with information, and mathematical basis. Based on these criteria, a comparative analysis is conducted of the works of Erik Axelkrans, Alexandre Le Nepvou, Lennart Posch, Yunbeom Yi, Jimmy Mahardhika, Eugen Fink, Johanna Seibt, holographic concepts of consciousness (Quintana, Fraga, Magaña), works by Shiho Yoshino, Xiaomin Wang, and the projective theory of consciousness by Dragan Škondrić. It is shown that the author's Projective Ontology (PO) is the most developed and systematic. It is the only one with a full hierarchy (7FM), a physical mechanism (GHP), an access parameter (G), a clear treatment of the subject as a projection, informatiology, a concrete source of projection (SFS), a mathematical basis (embedding theorems, Ricci flow), screen degradation theory, and the General Theory of Embedded Spaces. PO is an integrative meta-discipline that unites philosophical, physical, informational, and mathematical aspects of projective reality. The article concludes with a discussion of the prospects for the development of projective ontologies: mathematical formalization, empirical verification, and integration with physical theories.