Advancing durable and sustainable asphalt binder: Hybrid modification using recycled polypropylene and crumb rubber

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for hybrid crumb rubber-recycled polypropylene binders, investigating the effects of formulation, mixing techniques, and ageing paths using rheological characterisation. Two shear-mixing protocols were used to create hybrid binders that included recycled polypropylene and crumb rubber, compatibilised with polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and sulphur.