A Blockchain-Enabled Indoor Navigation Framework Integrating Beacon Technology for Accessibility and Traceability

Abstract This article presents a computational framework integrating beacon and Blockchain technologies to develop a secure and accessible indoor navigation system for individuals with visual impairments. The proposed solution defines a flexible and extensible architecture that supports different blockchain networks and implements a set of functional requirements focused on route traceability, real-time guidance, and user autonomy. A key feature of the system is the automatic generation of smart contracts to ensure the immutability and verifiability of navigation data. A proof-of-concept application, named WayBC, was developed to validate the approach. The solution was evaluated in simulated scenarios using both Ethereum and Sonic blockchain networks, analyzing performance metrics, transaction costs, and system behavior. Additionally, unit and integration tests were applied to all implemented functionalities, achieving high coverage and confirming the robustness of the solution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of combining beacon and Blockchain technologies to support inclusive, transparent, and auditable navigation experiences in public environments.