Health Status Recognition of Yellow-Feathered Broilers in Floor-Rearing Environments via Whole-Body and Comb Feature Fusion

In commercial floor-rearing environments for yellow-feathered broilers, visual screening of broilers with observable health-related abnormalities is challenged by low illumination, individual occlusion, and the limited use of local comb information. This study proposes a two-stage global–local framework for yellow-feathered broilers. Images were collected from one commercial floor-rearing farm; after screening, 1463 images were used for key-region localization, and 2031 samples were constructed for health-status recognition. Samples were labeled as Healthy or Unhealthy by expert consensus according to observable phenotypic characteristics, rather than veterinary-confirmed disease diagnoses. First, a Dual-Target YOLO (DT-YOLO) model localized whole-body and comb regions. Second, a Transformer network integrated features from paired or single available inputs for classification. DT-YOLO achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 97.56% at the 0.5 IoU threshold. For paired whole-body–comb inputs, the proposed classification model achieved an Accuracy of 97.11%, Macro-Precision of 97.38%, Macro-Recall of 96.58%, and Macro-F1 of 96.95%. Under the mixed-input condition, the model maintained an Accuracy of 96.06% and a Macro-F1 of 96.02%. These findings indicate that combining whole-body and comb information can support visual screening of unhealthy broilers under the single-farm floor-rearing conditions represented in the current dataset. Its applicability to other farms, breeds, and management conditions requires independent external validation.