A new Dhall–Yadav 2D chaotic map (DY2DCM) with application to image encryption scheme

This paper presents a new two-dimensional chaotic system with three progressively designed variants aimed at achieving a balance between analytical simplicity and complex nonlinearity. The proposed system DY2DCM includes exponential terms, trigonometric functions-based nonlinearity, and rational coupling, while successive changes introduce control parameters and modulated trigonometric functions to enrich the dynamical behavior of DY2DCM variants. A thorough analysis of the proposed system is carried out using different tools like time-series analysis, phase portraits, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and the 0-1 test. The results of these analysis confirm the presence of robust chaotic dynamics in DY2DCM. This work presents an substitution–permutation network based new image encryption to demonstrate the practicability of DY2DCM. Further, the proposed system is utilized to generate key-streams for providing required confusion and diffusion in proposed scheme. This work also presents the result of extensive experiments carried on scheme, including information entropy, histogram analysis, correlation coefficients, and avalanche property, etc. The results support the robustness of proposed scheme. This work highlights that our scheme is resistant against common cryptanalytic attacks like chosen-plaintext/ciphertext attacks.