Nonstandard solution for anomaly cancellation as seesaw neutrino origin in the SM

For fixed Standard Model (SM) non-Abelian representations of 15 chiral fermions with arbitrary hypercharges, anomaly cancellation admits the usual assignment and a distinct nonstandard solution. In the latter, the colored exotic quark and exotic lepton weak doublets and exotic lepton singlet have zero hypercharge, whereas the two colored exotic quark singlets carry opposite hypercharges $-q$ and $q$. The exotic neutral lepton singlets naturally play the role of the heavy neutrinos. The minimal model with two exotic lepton copies gives a rank-two seesaw, the minimal seesaw model, with one massless active neutrino and predicts $m_{ββ} = 1.2 \text{-} 4.1 \, \mathrm{meV}$ for normal ordering or $15.9\text{-}48.9 \,\mathrm{meV}$ for inverted ordering. In a direct SM realization, generating exotic quark masses through the SM Higgs mechanism forces the exotic quarks to carry electric charges $\pm 1/2$. A separate $\mathrm{SU}(2)_{L'}$ realization of the nonstandard solution can allow exotic quarks from several TeV to $10\,\mathrm{TeV}$ with order-one Yukawa couplings. In this model, the charged exotic quarks and leptons carry electric charges $\pm q$. In both cases, the lightest exotic quark and lepton are stable, but suitable choices of their charges and masses can satisfy experimental constraints.