The grandparents’ role in shaping grandchildren’s physical activity

Abstract Little is known about how grandparents contribute to children’s physical activity, despite their increasing involvement in childcare. Guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, this qualitative study aimed to explore the roles grandparents play in shaping their grandchildren’s physical activity. Seventeen family triads ( N = 64) participated in the study. In-depth semi-structured group interviews were conducted in a family setting or family-friendly location. Data were analyzed using open coding, and thematic analysis was supported by qualitative data analysis software. The results are summarized into themes clarifying grandparental roles. The analysis identified three main themes: grandparents as facilitators of physical activity opportunities; barriers to physical activity; and shared active lifestyles. Eight minor themes stemmed from these three main themes, in which participants expressed that grandparents are supportive of children’s physical activity and that children’s physical activity is viewed as a meaningful leisure activity. At the same time, barriers to grandparents’ provision of physical activity support for the child’s generation were identified, including grandparents’ health status and children’s increased preference for digital technology. However, support for physical activity through educational goals and chores, as well as evidence of intergenerational value transfer, was found. This study extends current knowledge about family influences on children’s physical activity beyond the parental generation and demonstrates how grandparental involvement can be understood within an ecological and intergenerational framework. The findings highlight the potential value of intentionally involving grandparents in policies, school and community programs, and family-based interventions to promote children’s physical activity.