Ferroelectric-assisted charge-transfer plasmons in graphene/CuInP2S6
Abstract Two-dimensional materials and their van der Waals heterostructures provide a versatile platform for novel optoelectronic functionalities. Interfacial charge transfer in such stacks enables high-quality graphene plasmons, but the charge-doping is fixed by work-function differences between constituent layers. Ferroelectric substrates have been explored for non-volatile, switchable doping, yet oxide ferroelectrics yield only modest doping due to imperfect interfaces. Here, we report efficient charge transfer between graphene and the van der Waals ferroelectric CuInP 2 S 6 , where the atomically-sharp interface yields unexpectedly large doping and high-quality plasmons, despite orders-of-magnitude smaller polarizations compared to oxide ferroelectrics. Infrared nano-imaging directly visualizes graphene plasmons whose doping depends on the adjacent ferroelectric layer. Combined nano-infrared and piezoresponse force microscopies reveal that graphene doping and CuInP 2 S 6 polarization increase with thickness and saturate in tandem, linking charge-transfer doping and out-of-plane ferroelectricity. Our results establish ferroelectric-assisted charge-transfer plasmons in graphene/CuInP 2 S 6 as a promising route to probe and control nanoscale ferroelectric textures.
Authors
- James Hone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-3301)
- P. James Schuck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-2671)
- Yinming Shao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-0028)
- Venkatraman Gopalan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-3677)
- Chun‐Ying Huang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6757-113X)
- Saugata Sarker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-1747)
- Seng Huat Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4254-3460)
- Thomas P. Darlington (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-3936)
- Jacob Amontree (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5825-4106)
- Takashi Taniguchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105)
- D. N. Basov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-5387)
- Kenji Watanabe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119)
- Anjaly Rajendran (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-5424)
- Zhiqiang Mao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-3293)
- Xavier Roy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-0725)
- Samuel Moore (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-2624)
- Ángel Rubio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2060-3151)
- Xiaoyang Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2090-8484)
- Jin Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7830-3464)
- Hae-Yeon Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9020-0803)
- Shizhe Zhou
- Daniel G. Chica
- Carlton Drew
Institutions
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- University of the Basque Country (ES)
- National Institute for Materials Science (JP)
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (DE)
- Flatiron Health (United States) (US)
- Rice University (US)
- Columbia University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2026-08-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-76909-2
- Primary Topic
- 2D Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Basic Energy Sciences