Energy-efficient synthesis of epoxy resin from bio-based eugenol using chemo-enzymatic methods

This study explores a sustainable and energy-efficient chemo-enzymatic method for synthesizing epoxy resin from eugenol, a bio-based phenolic compound, using Candida antarctica lipase B as a catalyst. The epoxidation reaction employs eco-friendly oxidants—acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide—under mild conditions, with comparative synthesis also conducted via traditional chemical methods. FTIR spectroscopy and epoxy equivalent mass analysis confirmed successful epoxide formation, while optimization studies indicated that slightly acidic pH (5-6), moderate temperatures (25-30°C), and optimal enzyme loading (250-300 mg) significantly improved yield. The resulting resin retained notable antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus post-curing, and non-volatile matter (NVM) analysis revealed a trade-off between polymer content and reaction severity, with the enzymatic route offering environmental advantages despite a marginally lower NVM. Overall, this work demonstrates a greener, bio-based alternative to conventional petrochemical epoxy resins without compromising performance.