Implication of magnetohydrodynamics and time-dependent ternary hybrid nanofluids flow past a permeable rotating disk with convective boundary conditions

In this study, achieving improved outcomes in a range of systems requires improving heat transfer in thermal systems. This research attempts to examine the dynamics of laminar unsteady flow of SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CuO/water ternary hybrid nanofluids over a rotating disk and heat transfer efficiency. Optimizing industrial operations like heat exchangers and cooling systems needs this knowledge. The system's performance is evaluated based on various shapes of nanoparticles, different heat transfer conditions, thermal radiation, and energy loss due to viscosity. We convert governing PDEs into ODEs by using similarity variables, which we can then solve applying the Keller box technique. As the Brinkman number rises 0.05 to 0.4, the heat transmission rate decelerates from 0.25% to 5.13%. The heat transfer percentage rises suggestively from 4.97% to 58.42% when the radiation parameter changes from 0.05 to 0.6. The research study found that the nanofluids CuO/H 2 O, Al 2 O 3 -CuO/H 2 O, and SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CuO/H 2 O have good heat transfer rates, with 2.29% for the single nanofluid, 4.28% for the mixed nanofluid, and 4.72% for the three-component mixed nanofluid.