Nano-encapsulated flavonoids-based topical therapy: Conventional treatments, advancements and challenges in eczema

Eczema or dermatitis is a recurrent skin disorder characterized by inflammation, itching, and recurring rashes on the skin surface due to an immune imbalance and skin barrier dysfunction. The available synthetic topical and systemic therapies, including phototherapy, have reported several adverse effects leading to patient noncompliance and illness relapse. This paper introduces the role of nano-encapsulated flavonoids as an alternative therapy for eczema via the topical route. Flavonoids are a class of naturally occurring substances present in a wide range of plants, fruits, and herbs that possess well-known anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant qualities. Owing to poor solubility, significant metabolism, and minimal absorption, flavonoids are not effective orally. Thus, an attempt is made to explore the amalgamation. This study aims to explore the integration of flavonoids and nanotechnology in eczema, along with the formulation challenges and toxicity issues. Flavonoid-based nanomedicine can undoubtedly serve as an adjunct or alternative to existing therapies. Nevertheless, they require further investigation through preclinical studies and rigorous clinical trials to ascertain their safety and efficacy.