Protein Nanomedicine in Breast Cancer Therapy: Targeting Strategies, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives

The challenges of breast cancer treatment still exist despite significant progress. The challenges include tumour heterogeneity, drug resistance and systemic toxicity. However, the development of protein nanomedicine provides a good option to address these. The present review examines the possibilities of using protein-based nanomedicine in breast cancer treatment. It looks at targeted drug delivery, immune modulation, and the mechanism of enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) for the precise targeting of the tumour. The cases refer to specific subtypes such as HER2, ER/PR positive breast cancer, and the modification of the tumour microenvironment. The small doses produced better results in terms of safety and efficiency of treatment. The examples of the medicines used include Abraxane® and Kadcyla®. The use of these medicines gives positive results in hypersensitive patients. However, there are still challenges related to regulatory approvals, immunogenicity, and scalability that should be improved.