One-Year Outcomes of Bioresonance Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Prospective Primary Care Study

Aim: Tobacco use remains a major global health concern. Despite pharmacological advances, many smokers seek non-invasive interventions due to side-effect concerns. This study evaluated the 1-year effectiveness of a standardized biophysical therapy, namely Bioresonance Therapy (BRT), for smoking cessation in a primary care setting.Material and Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, 50 adult participants (mean age 44.3 ± 10.4) underwent a standardized BRT protocol. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Smoking status was verified via exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months. Continuous abstinence at 12 months was defined as self-reported non-smoking. Factors associated with early relapse, including withdrawal symptoms, were evaluated.Results: The continuous abstinence rate at the 12-month follow-up was 28.0% (n=14). Early relapse within the first month was significantly associated with depressive mood (p=0.012) and sleep disturbances (p=0.008). Baseline FTND scores were not significantly associated with cessation outcomes (p=0.358). No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: BRT may represent a potentially useful and feasible non-pharmacological option for smoking cessation in primary care settings. Neuropsychiatric withdrawal symptoms were significantly associated with early relapse, suggesting that additional psychological support may be beneficial for patients experiencing mood or sleep-related difficulties during the cessation process. Limitations include the absence of a control group and reliance on self-report at 12 months; randomized controlled trials are warranted.