Comparative Review of Conventional and Sensor-Based Windshield Wiper Systems: Technologies, Performance, Safety, and Future Trends

Windshield wiper systems are critical automotive safety components that ensure clear driver visibility during adverse weather conditions. Conventional wiper systems rely on manual driver control, whereas sensor-based wiper systems automatically detect rainfall and adjust the wiping speed accordingly. This comparative study evaluates both systems in terms of operating principles, components, performance, safety, cost, energy efficiency, maintenance, reliability, and user convenience. The study concludes that although conventional systems remain economical and reliable, sensor-based systems provide superior driving comfort, enhanced safety, and improved operational efficiency, making them increasingly common in modern vehicles.