Access denied: sectoral disparities in transit supports for marginalized populations in Toronto

Transportation poverty is a significant barrier for marginalized populations, especially people experiencing homelessness (PEH), limiting access to employment, healthcare, and essential services. In Toronto, public transportation is often the only practical option, yet financial and other constraints limit access. This study examines the adequacy of transit supports provided by organizations in Toronto.An electronic survey was distributed to social service organizations across five sectors: Toronto Shelter Network, Toronto Drop-in Network, Local Immigration Partnerships, Toronto Mental Health and Addictions Supportive Housing Network, and the Violence Against Women sector. A total of 173 survey responses were analyzed using quantitative statistical methods and manifest content analysis.Most social service agencies provide some form of transit support, but this varies significantly. Most organizations lack dedicated transportation budgets, with a median annual funding of just $67 CAD per client. The shift from TTC tokens to the PRESTO system introduced additional challenges, especially for vulnerable clients. Overall, agencies reported a median of 70% of their clients struggle to access transportation when needed, with cost identified as the primary barrier. Transportation support is inconsistent and inadequate. Addressing these disparities requires targeted policy reforms and consistent funding to better meet the needs of PEH.