Climate change impact on food security and livelihoods in Somalia: Evidence from a PLS-SEM analysis of stakeholder perception

Climate change threatens food security and livelihoods in Somalia through recurrent droughts, erratic rainfall, floods, and weak institutions. This study examined relationships among perceived climate change impacts, food security, and livelihoods using PLS-SEM. A cross-sectional survey of 180 stakeholders from government, NGOs, and the private sector was conducted. Results showed that climate-related shocks significantly affect food access, livelihood stability, and community resilience. The findings confirm the interconnected nature of climate vulnerability, food insecurity, and livelihoods in fragile contexts. The study highlights the need for integrated climate adaptation, livelihood diversification, and food security interventions in Somalia.