Clinical, hematobiochemical and histopathological alterations in acute inhalational cypermethrin toxicity in Issa brown commercial layers and treatment protocol: a case report

Following a diagnosis of lice infestation in a flock of 5, 000, 43-week-old Issa brown layers, cypermethrin solution was sprayed onto the birds using a knapsack sprayer in a commercial poultry farm in Kano, Nigeria. The birds started dying after presenting with respiratory rales, gasping, ruffled feathers and nasal congestion. Postmortem examination revealed mucoid and congested trachea, congested lungs and mucus plug in choanal slit. Haematological derangements were polycythemia, leukocytosis, monocytosis, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia and heteropenia. Serum biochemical alterations were elevated malondialdehyde concentration, depressed glutathione level, elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations and elevated alanine aminotransferase activity. Histopathological studies showed cerebral hemorrhages, mononuclear cellular infiltration and congestion in the lungs, necrosis and de-ciliation of the tracheal epithelium, liver congestion with hepatocytes necrosis and kidney congestion. Treatment was instituted using vitamin C, Mentoforte®, lalora® and Broncholyte® combinations in drinking water for 3 consecutive days with a satisfactory outcome.