Validating the S-shaped performance trajectory of ID: an empirical evidence from India

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between international diversification (ID) and performance at different levels of ID in the Indian corporate sector. Design/methodology/approach To analyse the relationship between ID and corporate performance, the study employs two statistical techniques as Random Effects Panel Regression and Two-Stage Least Squares Regression on a sample of 418 Indian corporates over the time period from 2009–10 to 2017–18. Findings The results depict that the relationship between ID and corporate performance takes the form of a horizontal s-shaped curve where the performance declines at low level of ID, improves at moderate level of ID and deteriorates at high level of ID. Originality/value The study provides valuable insights into how Indian companies can leverage strategies of ID effectively to enhance performance. Much of the prior research has predominantly focused on developed economies. The current work explores how this relationship evolves in emerging markets, where firms are increasingly engaging in international expansion but remain under-examined in this context. Since the study employs more than one statistical technique, it establishes the robustness of the study.