Population Dynamics and Extractive Potential of the Mangrove Crab, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), in a Human-Impacted Mangrove of Northeastern Brazil

Ucides cordatus, a key species in Brazilian mangroves, supports both ecological processes and traditional extractive practices. Some mangrove areas in Northeastern Brazil are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic stressors. We evaluated the population density, size structure, extractive potential, and morphological maturity of this species in Acupe (state of Bahia), integrating environmental and human disturbance variables. Surveys conducted in 2018–2019 revealed a high proportion of undersized individuals (93.1% below the legal minimum catch size), with larger crabs concentrated in warmer months and near the estuarine fringe. Although solid waste and tree cutting were evident throughout the study area, no statistically significant association was detected with crab abundance or forest structure. Maturity estimates were a carapace width of 54.6 mm for males and 50.7 mm for females, suggesting early reproductive investment in females. Principal Component Analysis indicated that crab density and extraction potential correlated with rainfall, temperature, and vegetation structure, rather than local anthropogenic pressures. Despite moderate densities, the predominance of immature individuals and signs of overfishing highlight the need for improved management. We recommend that L. racemosa-dominated mangrove sectors, generally associated with high proportions of undersized crabs, should be considered priority areas for no-take or recovery zones.