Personality disorders: what the neurologist should know

Personality traits and disorders are frequently encountered in outpatient neurology. This can significantly influence the clinical consultation and the patient's neurological presentation and management. We offer practical guidance for neurologists to understand personality-related presentations better, along with clinical pointers to distinguish lifelong traits from changes secondary to neurological disease and advice on managing structured consultations with empathy. Recognising this interplay between personality and neurological care will support neurologists to deliver targeted, compassionate and higher quality care, improving patient engagement, safety and overall therapeutic experience.