Liquid–liquid equilibrium calculations

Abstract This paper explains basic liquid–liquid equilibrium calculations for binary systems, the isoactivity and tangent-line methods for the coexistence compositions, plus the plotting of spinodal lines and the estimation of the critical temperature. The ternary liquid–liquid equilibrium is also covered due to its industrial importance as the reduction of experimental data to models and the multicomponent formulation. The reader can reproduce and extend the examples, which are included in computational Jupyter Python notebooks.