Longitudinal Exploration of Productivity and Well-being in Hybrid Work Through Ecological Momentary Assessment and Environmental Sensing

OBJECTIVE: To explore how hybrid workspaces (home vs. office) affect productivity and well-being, and whether indoor environmental quality (IEQ) mediates these associations. METHODS: Nineteen office workers were followed for four months, contributing 4,559 ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of productivity, mood, stress, and eustress-distress appraisal. Continuous IEQ monitoring captured CO₂, TVOCs, PM₂.₅, temperature, humidity, and noise. Mixed-effects and multilevel mediation models assessed within-person associations. RESULTS: Office work was associated with higher productivity and greater eustress-distress coexistence, while home work was associated with higher boredom. Mood differences were small, and stress was modestly lower at home. Home workspaces showed poorer air quality. CO₂ and TVOCs were indirectly associated with mood and stress differences. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid work outcomes differ by location and are partly explained by IEQ, suggesting residential air quality as an occupational health intervention target.