Advances in TMDs-Based Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers: From Structural Engineering to Multicomponent Synergy

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered considerable attention as advanced electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials due to their unique layered structures, tunable electronic properties, and intrinsic defect-induced polarization mechanisms. This comprehensive review systematically summarizes recent advances in TMDs-based absorbers, with particular focus on two fundamental development strategies. The first involves multiscale structural design of pure phase TMDs spanning from atomic to submillimeter dimensions, achieved through precise defect regulation, phase engineering, and sophisticated morphological manipulation to optimize electromagnetic parameters and attenuation capabilities. The second strategy focuses on constructing multicomponent composite systems, incorporating dielectric matrices, magnetic elements, and multicomponent hybrids to achieve synergistic enhancement through interfacial polarization, conductive loss, and magnetic dissipation mechanisms. The review critically analyzes pioneering research achievements across various subfields while identifying specific challenges and opportunities within each domain. Future perspectives highlight emerging frontiers including atomic level interface engineering, inverse design of multicomponent and multiscale architectures, sustainable large-scale synthesis techniques, and development of multifunctional smart-response systems. This work aims to establish fundamental principles and provide forward-looking guidance for designing next-generation high-performance TMDs-based EMA materials with tailored functionalities.