3D-Printed Titanium Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Cage for Treatment of Foraminal Stenosis Due to Congenital L5 Hemivertebra with Virtual Surgical Planning: Technical Note and Case Report

Background/Objectives: The integration of three-dimensional (3D) printing and virtual surgical planning (VSP) has introduced a new standard in spinal surgery, enabling highly individualised preoperative preparation and intraoperative execution. Methods: By virtually reconstructing patient anatomy, surgeons can identify critical vascular corridors, analyse endplate morphology, determine optimal interbody cage geometry for the best anatomical fit, and predefine screw trajectories and entry points with exceptional accuracy. This level of planning reduces intraoperative uncertainty and minimises the risk of implant malposition, particularly in anatomically complex scenarios, such as the current case report. Quantitative assessment of alignment correction can also be performed preoperatively, allowing the surgeon to model and predict postoperative spinal balance with greater precision. This technology is particularly advantageous in congenital spinal anomalies, such as hemivertebrae, where orientation can be challenging and anatomical landmarks are often distorted or partially obscured. Results: We report the application of 3D-printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) in conjunction with VSP to perform a single-level, standalone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) for the treatment of congenital scoliosis due to a left hemivertebra, associated with progressive left L5/S1 foraminal stenosis. Conclusion: This is the first case of a standalone ALIF for this indication. The patient presented with severe left L5 radicular pain and motor–sensory radiculopathy. The use of a PSI facilitated precise reconstruction of the spinal column, optimised implant fit and enhanced surgical accuracy in this technically complex case.