Computational design of antimicrobial peptide nanopores
Antibiotic resistance is a global health threat, driving the need for new molecules that kill bacteria via nontraditional mechanisms. Here, we present a computational de novo design strategy for α-helical peptides that self-assemble into large, stable and membrane-spanning nanopores with antimicrobial activity, including in vivo efficacy against drug-resistant pathogens. Molecular dynamics simulations guided the selection of sequences for transmembrane barrel-stave pore formation, which were validated by microscopy, electrophysiology and fluorescence assays. Using computational and experimental analyses, including negative design controls, we developed general design guidelines and 52 modular sequence templates with tunable antimicrobial, pore-forming properties. Mechanistic studies confirmed bacterial cytoplasmic membrane disruption via designed nanopore formation. A tuned lead peptide selectively killed drug-resistant ESKAPEE bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii, without harming human cells, and showed anti-infective efficacy in preclinical mouse infection models. The framework presented here enables the design of synthetic peptide nanopores for precision antimicrobials, anticancer agents, molecular sensors and delivery systems.
Authors
- Markéta Koběrská (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9787-4227)
- Kateřina Bendová (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-0100)
- César de la Fuente‐Núñez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2005-5629)
- Gabriela Balíková Novotná (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-4763)
- Giovanni Maglia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2784-0811)
- Ivo Kabelka (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-6407)
- Rahul Deb (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-7012)
- Robert Vácha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-658X)
- Jan Přibyl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1232-3694)
- Miloš Petřík (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1334-5916)
- Edo Vreeker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-6745)
- Marcelo D.T. Torres
Institutions
- Central European Institute of Technology (CZ)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Czech Academy of Sciences (CZ)
- Masaryk University (CZ)
- Central European Institute of Technology – Masaryk University (CZ)
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology (CZ)
- Translational Therapeutics (United States) (US)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (CZ)
- Palacký University Olomouc (CZ)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Philadelphia University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Chemical Biology
- Published
- 2026-08-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-026-02269-z
- Primary Topic
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- European Commission
- Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky