Interprofessional collaboration in healthcare: The role of telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and global health initiatives

The integration of telemedicine, artificial intelligence (AI), and interprofessional collaboration is transforming healthcare delivery with promising implications for patient outcomes and system efficiency. This qualitative literature review analyzes peer-reviewed and gray literature published between 2023 and 2025 to explore the interplay of these elements in contemporary healthcare. Telemedicine has emerged as a crucial tool in long-term care and rural health, enabling remote consultations and bridging access gaps. However, its implementation is often hindered by communication barriers and unclear role delineation among healthcare professionals. AI applications show potential for improving diagnostics and patient management, yet data privacy concerns and user resistance remain significant barriers to adoption. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic underscored the urgency of global health cooperation, emphasizing the value of interprofessional education, dynamic leadership, and collaborative crisis response. Cross-sector models such as One Health illustrate how integration across disciplines can enhance system resilience. A case study from Kyrgyzstan, featuring the TeleMed.Kg initiative, demonstrates the potential of telemedicine to improve maternal and child health in remote areas while also highlighting infrastructural and regulatory limitations. The findings suggest that realizing the full benefits of telemedicine and AI depends on strengthening interprofessional collaboration, promoting digital literacy, and establishing inclusive policy frameworks. Addressing these challenges is essential for building equitable, adaptive health systems capable of meeting evolving healthcare needs worldwide.