Smart response food-derived polysaccharide hydrogels: reprogramming the microenvironment for skin rejuvenation

Skin aging is a multifaceted biological process marked by the disruption of the ROS-MMP-collagen axis, resulting in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and compromised barrier function. Traditional synthetic interventions often face challenges related to biocompatibility and limited efficacy in targeted delivery. In contrast, food-derived polysaccharide hydrogels (FDPH) have emerged as a novel class of bio-instructive materials. These hydrogels extend beyond the conventional role of passive scaffolds by leveraging their intrinsic bioactivity and tunable three-dimensional architectures, which may contribute to the modulation of aging-associated microenvironmental factors. This review offers a comprehensive critical analysis of the evolution of FDPH from their initial role as structural fillers to their current status as sophisticated therapeutic platforms. These platforms are capable of detecting pathological signals, including pH, ROS, and enzymes, thus facilitating more precise and localized therapeutic interventions.We explore the molecular mechanisms that underpin their dual functionality in mitigating oxidative stress and influencing fibroblast-associated regenerative processes that may support collagen remodeling. Additionally, it identifies challenges such as structural variability, transdermal efficiency, and long-term safety. The review also predicts future trends in precision design and personalized applications, fueled by AI and multi-omics, guiding the advancement of FDPH for skin health and anti-aging.