Research progress on the preparation and polarization properties of one-dimensional lead halide perovskite nanowires

One-dimensional lead halide perovskite nanowires (1D LHP NWs) synergize the excellent optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) with structural anisotropy, thus holding significant application potential in polarized optoelectronics. This review focuses on the research progress of preparation technologies and polarization properties of 1D LHP NWs. Herein, we systematically overview mainstream synthesis strategies, including hot-injection, room-temperature synthesis, solvothermal, ultrasonic synthesis, template-assisted, and vapor-phase growth methods. We analyze the core principles and applicable scenarios of each approach, and elaborate on how key factors, such as ligand selection, reaction conditions, and precursor characteristics, regulate the morphology, crystal quality, and dispersibility of NWs. Meanwhile, this review centers on the structure-performance correlation between crystal anisotropy, quantum confinement effect, and polarization properties of 1D LHP NWs. We highlight advances in optimizing polarization stability and functionality via post-synthetic modification and heterostructure engineering. And we summarize their applications in in the fields of polarized light emission and polarization detection. In addition, the review identifies existing challenges, such as the uniformity of large-scale preparation, environmental stability, and in-depth understanding of polarization mechanisms, and provides an outlook on future research directions.