Магнитные фазовые переходы в неупорядоченных системах: обзор метода случайных полей обменного взаимодействия

Magnetic phase transitions in disordered systems are governed by the interplay of exchange interactions, fluctuations, and structural randomness, which cannot be adequately described within classical mean-field approaches. In this work, we review the method of random exchange fields as an analytical framework for studying magnetic phase transitions in such systems. The method is based on a statistical description of local exchange fields and allows one to incorporate the effects of disorder and fluctuations while preserving analytical tractability. Its applicability is demonstrated for a wide class of magnetic materials, including spin glasses and spinel compound. The method provides a unified and physically transparent description of magnetic ordering and critical behavior in complex magnetic systems