Binary forms, discriminants and Keller maps in dimension three

We construct an explicit counterexample to the Jacobian Conjecture in dimension three within a new geometric framework: the Quasi‑Homogeneous Invariant Projection Space (QH‑IPS). The framework attaches to a Keller map F: C³ → C³ a relative projective fibration I → C³ over the target, whose fibre is the scheme of roots of a binary form naturally associated with F. The structure group PGL₂ acts on the P¹ fibre, and its fundamental invariants — foremost the discriminant — govern the fibration. The discriminant provides an algebraic analogue of the normal operator N = Π*Π of integral geometry, its vanishing locus describing the coalescence of sheets and the failure of global injectivity. Solving the structural identities of the QH‑IPS produces a Keller map with constant Jacobian –2 that sends three distinct points to the same target value. The source C³ is identified with the open set of simple roots of a binary cubic form; the three colliding points are the three roots (one possibly at infinity) for a special target value; the field extension has degree 3 and S₃ monodromy, hence the Campbell–Razar–Wright theorem does not force invertibility; the fibre classification follows from the discriminant. The construction deforms to binary forms of arbitrary degree d ≥ 3, yielding an infinite family of Keller maps of generic degree d, all sharing the same three‑point fibre. The reconstruction formulas remain unchanged, and the generic Galois group is proved to be the full symmetric group S_d for every d ≥ 4. During the preparation of this manuscript we became aware that an equivalent polynomial map has been independently announced by L. Alpöge (July 2026).

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21696160
Primary Topic
Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
Type
preprint
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preprint

Binary forms, discriminants and Keller maps in dimension three

Ozorio Olea Arnaldo Adrian
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
preprint

Binary forms, discriminants and Keller maps in dimension three

Ozorio Olea Arnaldo Adrian
preprint en

Abstract

We construct an explicit counterexample to the Jacobian Conjecture in dimension three within a new geometric framework: the Quasi‑Homogeneous Invariant Projection Space (QH‑IPS). The framework attaches to a Keller map F: C³ → C³ a relative projective fibration I → C³ over the target, whose fibre is the scheme of roots of a binary form naturally associated with F. The structure group PGL₂ acts on the P¹ fibre, and its fundamental invariants — foremost the discriminant — govern the fibration. The discriminant provides an algebraic analogue of the normal operator N = Π*Π of integral geometry, its vanishing locus describing the coalescence of sheets and the failure of global injectivity. Solving the structural identities of the QH‑IPS produces a Keller map with constant Jacobian –2 that sends three distinct points to the same target value. The source C³ is identified with the open set of simple roots of a binary cubic form; the three colliding points are the three roots (one possibly at infinity) for a special target value; the field extension has degree 3 and S₃ monodromy, hence the Campbell–Razar–Wright theorem does not force invertibility; the fibre classification follows from the discriminant. The construction deforms to binary forms of arbitrary degree d ≥ 3, yielding an infinite family of Keller maps of generic degree d, all sharing the same three‑point fibre. The reconstruction formulas remain unchanged, and the generic Galois group is proved to be the full symmetric group S_d for every d ≥ 4. During the preparation of this manuscript we became aware that an equivalent polynomial map has been independently announced by L. Alpöge (July 2026).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Reduced inequalities
Advanced Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems
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