Before the Bang: Wormholes at the Dawn of the Universe

This essay discusses recent progress on Euclidean wormholes as candidate contributions to the Universe’s initial quantum state. The comparison with the Hartle–Hawking no-boundary proposal highlights both a conceptual affinity and genuine advance: wormholes retain the relevance of Euclidean-saddles as encoders of properties of cosmological wavefunctions, while they broaden the class of regular saddles that are physically relevant for inflating universes and are capable of resolving issues that plague the no-boundary proposal. The principal achievement of the wormhole program is to enlarge the semiclassical initial-condition landscape in a way that is physically rich, conforms with Holographic expectations and as such becomes increasingly relevant for early-universe model building, within UV complete theories of quantum gravity.