Graphene Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications: A Contemporary Perspective

ABSTRACT Graphene has garnered significant attention as a promising material with great potential for contributing to sustainable energy initiatives, such as RE100 (100% renewable energy initiative) and CF100 (100% carbon‐free initiative). This review aims to explore the potential of graphene for advancing renewable energy applications by highlighting the recent advancements in synthesis techniques, transfer methods, and interface engineering. This study delves into the fundamental properties of graphene, provides comparative analyses with other carbonaceous materials, and evaluates their application in energy storage, conversion, and harvesting. The findings reveal that graphene possesses high thermal and electrical conductivities, superior mechanical properties, and a versatile range of potential applications. However, challenges, such as scalability of production, integration with other materials, and associated costs, limit their widespread adoption. These findings suggest that graphene has the potential to drive innovative solutions in the energy sector. However, overcoming practical and economic hurdles remains essential. Although graphene presents significant transformative prospects for sustainable energy, concerted research and development efforts are imperative to fully realizing its potential in industrial applications.