Quantum Computing Models for Information Processing: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract The quantum computing has been proven to provide the solutions to most complex computations in the world today. Quantum computers can solve the problems with polynomial resources. Quantum information can be encoded in a number of ways, such as spin components of basic particles like photons, electrons, and polarization of photons. The quantum computer uses quantum bits which are superposition of states called as qubits, which is the classical fundamental unit of information. A quantum computer is a regular classical computer with additional ability to control the quantum bits. It is a regular computer connected to a special peripherals and a set of quantum bits simulated to build controller architecture. Two simulators are used for the quantum programming, one is Microsoft Q# and other is IBM Qiskit. Classical language Q # is used to program the quantum controller and its operations such that initializing a qubit, applying a gate on a qubit and measuring a qubit. IBM Qiskit programs simulates the functionality of quantum circuit and creates it’s drawing using a graphical interface with qubits, gates, and measurements. Qiskit provides simulators that run quantum circuits using visualization tools that help to understand the effect of our quantum circuits on the quantum states. The teleportation technique allows the quantum information to be communicated at a distance. An unbreakable encryption protocol is built for polarizing photons through the quantum channel. The combination of quantum computing and AI has the potential to drive significant advances across many sectors.