Emotional Use of AI Chatbots Scale (EUACS): English Version

The Emotional Use of AI Chatbots Scale (EUACS) is a 7-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess emotional dependency and emotional attachment toward AI chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Claude, Gemini, Grok). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). Total scores range from 7 to 35. Subscales:• Dependency: Items 1–4 (score range: 4–20)• Emotional Attachment: Items 5–7 (score range: 3–15) Conceptual basis:The EUACS was developed through conceptual adaptation of a prior framework proposed by Morales-Garcia et al. However, the present instrument is not a direct translation and incorporates conceptual reframing and item modification to evaluate the emotional dimensions of AI chatbot interaction. Suggested citation (please cite the original publication):Bokharaei Ghoochani, B. A., Sabet, M., & Sadeghi, S. J. (2026). Development and Psychometric Validation of the Emotional Use of AI Chatbots Scale (EUACS). Available at: https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/jpsy/Article/1245697 Ethics:This instrument was developed as part of a Master's thesis in Clinical Psychology at Islamic Azad University, EL.C. Tehran, Iran