Observation strategy optimization for multi-station optical systems based on parallax angle analysis

Abstract Through the two-site angle measurement observation with two optical telescopes for space objects, it is possible to determine the position of space objects and address the initial orbit determination problem of short-arc data. It is shown that the positioning accuracy of space objects is closely related to the observation geometry formed by their positions and the two telescopes. It is found that the probability density method shows a large advantage in both calculation speed and accuracy by comparing the accuracy of the different algorithms for the two-site orbit determination. In addition, the simulation results show that the ratio of the positioning error to the orbit altitude decreases with the increase of the parallax angle. Combined with this law, this paper proposes the baseline optimization strategy for space objects with the different orbit altitudes and derives the appropriate observation moment based on the fixed station combination. Further, the observation strategy based on the maximum parallax angle can effectively improve the precision and efficiency of orbit fixing through experimental validation, which has strong practical value.