Mathematical and Computational Models of Biochemical Reactions and Cell Signaling—From Ordinary Differential Equations to Machine Learning

Cell signaling, and the biochemical reactions underlying it, are complex phenomena fundamental for control of cellular behavior in response to the incentives present in the cell’s direct environment. It is crucial for coordination of cell activities such as growth, differentiation, metabolism, and death. The aim of this review is to present mathematical and computational models of biochemical reactions and cell signaling pathways in an educational and comprehensive way, outlining broad aspects of modeling such as differential equations, and artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches. This review also discusses potential applications of mathematical and computational models of cell signaling and biochemical reactions in fields such as systems biology, personalized medicine (i.e., cancer treatment, neurodegenerative disease treatment), and identification of drug targets.