Constraining primordial black holes and primordial curvature power spectrum with extragalactic muon neutrino

Abstract We investigate a mixed dark matter scenario comprising weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and primordial black holes (PBHs). After PBH formation, WIMPs can accrete onto them, forming ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs). The resulting WIMP number density within UCMHs is significantly enhanced compared to classical dark matter halo models, leading to a higher WIMP annihilation rate. Previous studies have focused mainly on the associated gamma-ray flux, we investigate the extragalactic neutrino flux from such annihilation. Considering the annihilation channels $$\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$\nu _{\mu }\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we analyze two classes of neutrino events: upward and contained events. By requiring the neutrino flux from WIMP annihilation around PBHs does not exceed the atmospheric neutrino background, we derive upper limits on the fraction of dark matter in PBHs ( $$f_\textrm{PBH}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>PBH</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) for a one-year exposure of the IceCube experiment. These limits depend on the annihilation channel, the masses of the WIMP and PBH, and the neutrino event type. The strongest constraints come from the $$\nu _{\mu }\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> channel, yielding $$f_\textrm{PBH} \sim 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>PBH</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$4\times 10^{-5}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) for contained (upward) events with $$m_{\chi }=10^{3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV and $$M_\textrm{PBH}=10^{3} M_{\odot }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>PBH</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Based on these bounds on PBHs, we further derive upper limits on the primordial curvature power spectrum $$\mathcal {P}_{\mathcal {R}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:msub>

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Journal
The European Physical Journal C
Published
2026-07-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-16123-y
Primary Topic
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Constraining primordial black holes and primordial curvature power spectrum with extragalactic muon neutrino

Yupeng Yang
The European Physical Journal C
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
article

Constraining primordial black holes and primordial curvature power spectrum with extragalactic muon neutrino

Yupeng Yang
article en

Abstract

Abstract We investigate a mixed dark matter scenario comprising weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and primordial black holes (PBHs). After PBH formation, WIMPs can accrete onto them, forming ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs). The resulting WIMP number density within UCMHs is significantly enhanced compared to classical dark matter halo models, leading to a higher WIMP annihilation rate. Previous studies have focused mainly on the associated gamma-ray flux, we investigate the extragalactic neutrino flux from such annihilation. Considering the annihilation channels $$\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\tau ^{+}\tau ^{-}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>τ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$\nu _{\mu }\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we analyze two classes of neutrino events: upward and contained events. By requiring the neutrino flux from WIMP annihilation around PBHs does not exceed the atmospheric neutrino background, we derive upper limits on the fraction of dark matter in PBHs ( $$f_\textrm{PBH}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>PBH</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> </mml:math> ) for a one-year exposure of the IceCube experiment. These limits depend on the annihilation channel, the masses of the WIMP and PBH, and the neutrino event type. The strongest constraints come from the $$\nu _{\mu }\bar{\nu }_{\mu }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ν</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>¯</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> channel, yielding $$f_\textrm{PBH} \sim 10^{-4}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>PBH</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ( $$4\times 10^{-5}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) for contained (upward) events with $$m_{\chi }=10^{3}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> GeV and $$M_\textrm{PBH}=10^{3} M_{\odot }$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>PBH</mml:mtext> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊙</mml:mo> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Based on these bounds on PBHs, we further derive upper limits on the primordial curvature power spectrum $$\mathcal {P}_{\mathcal {R}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:msub>

The European Physical Journal CVol. 86(7)
Qufu Normal University (CN)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
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