Time-Dependent Mechanical Degradation of Hot Mix Asphalt Under Moisture Exposure: Effects of Ceramic Dust–Lime Modification

Understanding the kinetics of moisture-induced damage is critical for predicting the service life of asphalt pavements. This study evaluates the time-dependent mechanical degradation of hot mix asphalt (HMA) with and without ceramic dust–lime filler modification. Specimens were submerged in water for 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days, and tests including retained Marshall stability, swelling index, and indirect tensile strength were conducted. The modified mixture (6% ceramic dust + 4% lime) exhibited slower degradation, with up to 45% higher stability retention and lower swelling over 14 days compared with the unmodified mix. These results indicate that lime and ceramic dust effectively mitigate moisture damage over time, prolonging pavement service life.