Mosquitoes: tiny vectors, big threats - decoding disease Through the one health lens

Mosquitoes are much more than bothersome pests- they are active biological carriers that link humans, animals and the ecosystem, positioning them at the heart of the One Health strategy for disease prevention. With the increasing global impact of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes due to climate change, urban growth and ecological disruptions, traditional surveillance techniques are inadequate by themselves. This article examines how progress in veterinary biotechnology, especially DNA- and RNA-reliant methods like DNA barcoding, environmental DNA (eDNA), RT-qPCR, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, is transforming mosquito monitoring through swift species identification, prompt pathogen detection and detailed observation of vector-related microbial communities. It also emphasizes the growing importance of artificial intelligence, whole-genome sequencing, microbiome studies and gene -editing technologies in forecasting disease outbreaks and enhancing integrated surveillance systems. Considering mosquitoes as biological sentinels instead just disease carriers, the article highlights the significance f molecular surveillance within the One Health approach for safeguarding human and animal health while maintaining ecosystem resilience in a more interconnected world.