Expectations versus Reality in International Cruise-Line Employment: A Comparative Study of Hospitality Management Students' Career Expectations and Cruise-Line Employees' Work Experiences

Abstract. This study examined the gap between the career expectations of Hospitality Management students and the work experiences of cruise-line employees in international cruise-line employment. Specifically, it compared students' expectations with employees' actual workplace experiences across key employment dimensions, including salary and benefits, working environment, career growth, work-life balance, cultural exposure, and technological competence. A quantitative descriptive-comparative research design was employed involving 60 participants, comprising 30 Hospitality Management students and 30 cruise-line employees with international work experience. Data were collected using a validated survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that Hospitality Management students generally held high expectations regarding career opportunities, cultural exposure, and technological competence in the cruise-line industry. In contrast, cruise-line employees reported moderate work experiences, particularly highlighting challenges related to work-life balance, extended working hours, and prolonged separation from family. Significant differences were found between students' expectations and employees' work experiences in terms of salary and benefits, work-life balance, cultural exposure, and technological competence. However, no significant differences were observed in the working environment and career growth, suggesting that students' expectations in these areas were generally consistent with employees' actual experiences. The study highlights the gap between expectations and the realities of international cruise-line employment and underscores the need for stronger collaboration between higher education institutions and the cruise industry. Enhancing experiential learning opportunities and providing realistic career orientation programs may better prepare Hospitality Management students for the demands and challenges of careers in the international cruise-line sector. Keywords: Career Expectations; Cruise-Line Employees; International Cruise-line Employment; Hospitality Management Students; Work Experiences