Muscular Branch Pattern of Deep Fibular Nerve

Objective This study aims to characterize the morphometric features and branching patterns of the muscular branches of the deep fibular nerve (DFN) through segmental mapping of their distribution and precise localization of motor entry points in the anterior compartment of the leg. Methods Dissections were performed on 15 cadaveric lower limbs. DFN was identified and traced from its origin, and its branching pattern was evaluated in relation to the anterior intermuscular septum (AIS). Distances from the fibular head were measured, and segmental localization was calculated based on fibular length. The number of branches, their distribution to target muscles, and their entry points were recorded. Results The mean number of main branches of the DFN was 3.3 ± 0.8, with Type 1 (four main branches) being the most common pattern (46.7%). The branching point of the DFN was located within the first 10% segment of the fibula. The branches of the DFN pierced the AIS predominantly within the first and second segments. Motor branch entry points were mainly located in the proximal segments, with all branches confined to the proximal 60% of the fibula. Branches to the tibialis anterior were most frequently observed in the second segment, whereas branches to the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus showed a broader distribution. Conclusion The DFN shows a proximal concentration in both its branching pattern and motor entry points. The segmental mapping of these structures provides a detailed topographical description of DFN anatomy and may contribute to improved understanding of its clinical and surgical relevance.