Examining The Relationship Between Self-Compassion, Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy, and Postpartum Depression in Breastfeeding Women: Path Analysis Study

This study aimed to examine the relationships between self-compassion, breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE), and postpartum depression (PPD) among breastfeeding women in the postnatal period, and to identify the factors influencing these variables. A descriptive relational design was employed, and data were collected online from 409 postpartum women in Turkey between May and July 2024. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale–Short Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale were administered. Path analysis was used to examine the directional relationships among variables (χ²/df = 1.72, RMSEA = 0.042, CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.99). Self-compassion was the strongest direct predictor of BSE (β = 0.21, p < 0.01) and significantly reduced PPD (β = −0.31, p < 0.01). PPD negatively affected BSE (β = −0.06, p < 0.01). Low income level was associated with higher PPD (β = 0.13, p < 0.05), while a greater number of living children increased self-compassion (β = 0.10, p < 0.05). Advanced maternal age (β = 0.12, p < 0.05), planned pregnancy (β = 0.11, p < 0.05), and cesarean delivery (β = 0.10, p < 0.05) were positively associated with BSE, whereas the presence of maternal or neonatal complications was negatively associated with BSE (β = −0.05, p < 0.05). Self-compassion functions as a critical psychological buffer that optimizes both maternal mental health and breastfeeding outcomes. Integrating self-compassion-based psychoeducational programs into postnatal care will significantly contribute to supporting mothers during this vulnerable period.