Catalytic Co‐Liquefaction of Biodegradable Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Sugarcane Bagasse

ABSTRACT Municipal solid waste (MSW) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) are abundant carbon‐rich feedstocks for sustainable biofuel production, but their efficient utilization is constrained by limited carbon accessibility. This study reports a synergistic co‐liquefaction strategy using transition‐metal‐dispersed TiO 2 catalysts under mild conditions. Proximate and ultimate analyses confirmed the suitability of both feedstocks for liquid fuel production. Among Cr, Ni, Fe, Co, and Cu supported TiO 2 catalysts, Co‐TiO 2 exhibited the best performance, achieving >85% selectivity and >48% mCTL oil yield with negligible char and gaseous byproducts. Under optimized conditions, the process delivered >70% biomass conversion, >65% oil yield, and >80% selectivity through enhanced depolymerization and stabilization of reactive intermediates. The catalyst also showed excellent recyclability (turnover number [TON] 190.61; turnover frequency [TOF] 1.27 × 10 2 h −1 ). Product analyses confirmed the formation of energy‐dense liquid fuels, demonstrating a scalable and eco‐friendly route for simultaneous waste valorization and sustainable biofuel production.