Off-shell Higgs boson measurements: Yukawa couplings, self-coupling, compositeness, and width

Measurements of Higgs boson production in the off-shell region are presented, using the four-lepton decay channel. Data from proton-proton collisions at the CERN LHC, collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are utilized. The first direct test of composite Higgs boson models is performed, with a lower limit on the compositeness scale $Λ_\mathrm{H}$ set at 870 GeV at the 95% confidence level. Tests of gluon-fusion production within the standard model effective field theory framework are performed. The first constraint on the Higgs boson self-coupling in the off-shell region is obtained. By combining on- and off-shell measurements, the analysis sets the tightest constraints to date on light-quark Yukawa couplings, while relaxing assumptions such as the bound on the Higgs boson coupling to vector bosons, thereby providing more model-independent results. Constraints on the Higgs boson width are provided while accounting for a range of beyond-the-standard-model effects, including both light and heavy particles in the gluon-fusion production loop, as well as modified couplings to vector bosons. A combined analysis of the H$\to$ZZ and PH$\to$WW channels is performed to improve sensitivity to the Higgs boson width, yielding $Γ_\mathrm{H}$ = 5.1$^{+2.0}_{-1.8}$ MeV. The scenario of no off-shell Higgs boson production is excluded at a confidence level exceeding 5 standard deviations.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
Published
2026-10-26
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/bpgj-ddf9
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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Off-shell Higgs boson measurements: Yukawa couplings, self-coupling, compositeness, and width

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Off-shell Higgs boson measurements: Yukawa couplings, self-coupling, compositeness, and width

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article en

Abstract

Measurements of Higgs boson production in the off-shell region are presented, using the four-lepton decay channel. Data from proton-proton collisions at the CERN LHC, collected by the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are utilized. The first direct test of composite Higgs boson models is performed, with a lower limit on the compositeness scale $Λ_\mathrm{H}$ set at 870 GeV at the 95% confidence level. Tests of gluon-fusion production within the standard model effective field theory framework are performed. The first constraint on the Higgs boson self-coupling in the off-shell region is obtained. By combining on- and off-shell measurements, the analysis sets the tightest constraints to date on light-quark Yukawa couplings, while relaxing assumptions such as the bound on the Higgs boson coupling to vector bosons, thereby providing more model-independent results. Constraints on the Higgs boson width are provided while accounting for a range of beyond-the-standard-model effects, including both light and heavy particles in the gluon-fusion production loop, as well as modified couplings to vector bosons. A combined analysis of the H$\to$ZZ and PH$\to$WW channels is performed to improve sensitivity to the Higgs boson width, yielding $Γ_\mathrm{H}$ = 5.1$^{+2.0}_{-1.8}$ MeV. The scenario of no off-shell Higgs boson production is excluded at a confidence level exceeding 5 standard deviations.

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Nvidia, Johns Hopkins University, Weston Havens Foundation, CERN, Türkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma Kurumu, European Commission, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Science Foundation Ireland, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg, National Science Council, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Austrian Science Fund, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Bulgarian National Science Fund, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, A.G. Leventis Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, Ministry of Education, India, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Latvijas Zinātnes Padome, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Ministry of Science,Technology and Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea, Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand, Qatar National Research Fund, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture, European Regional Development Fund, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
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Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
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