Interfacial chemistry and radiation-resistant surface engineering of CsPbBr ₃ quantum dots for energy conversion applications

The development of radiation-tolerant halide perovskite nanomaterials is essential for next-generation nuclear energy conversion systems operating under extreme environments. This review presents the first comprehensive and integrated analysis of the interfacial chemistry and surface engineering of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) specifically designed for nuclear battery applications. We discuss how ligand coordination, inorganic encapsulation (SiO2, Al2O3) and dopant incorporation (Mn2 +, Eu3 +) influence the chemical stability, defect passivation and radioluminescence efficiency of CsPbBr3 QDs under ionising radiation. Particular attention is given to the relationship between interfacial bonding, quantum confinement and radiation-induced degradation mechanisms. These insights provide a chemistry-driven understanding of how controlled surface modification can yield radiation-hardened perovskite nanostructures with enhanced charge transport and optical performance, establishing a pathway toward durable and efficient nuclear battery and radioluminescent energy devices.