MANAGING INSURANCE AND GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN RISKS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE THROUGH INTEGRATED MODELS

Purpose- This study aims to examine how risks arising in international trade and global supply chain processes are evaluated from an insurance perspective and to reveal sector stakeholders’ views on the risk coverage capacity of existing insurance practices. The scope focuses on traditional coverage structures, protection gaps, digital traceability, and trends toward integrated insurance models. The research questions seek to identify the risk areas in which stakeholder groups exhibit common tendencies and the items on which their assessments diverge. Thus, the relationship between insurance product design and supply chain management is examined on an empirical basis. Methodology- The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive-comparative research design. The study group comprised 303 participants working in insurance companies, logistics and transportation firms, export and foreign trade enterprises, and insurance brokerage or intermediary services. Data were collected using an institutional and professional information form and a 16-item, five-point Likert-type questionnaire. The analyses included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, the Kruskal–Wallis test, Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction, and epsilon-squared effect-size calculations. The instrument’s proposed subdimension structure was also tested, and its internal consistency was used as the primary basis for determining the analytical strategy. The findings were reported with due methodological caution. Findings- Item means ranged from 2.78 to 4.60. High levels of agreement were particularly evident for Items M6, M10, M11, M15, and M16. As the internal consistency coefficients of the proposed subdimensions did not reach acceptable levels, the analyses were conducted at the item level. Significant differences by field of activity were found for Items M3, M4, M6, M9, and M10; by organizational position for Items M6, M12, and M15; by length of experience in the sector for Items M3, M4, M6, M8, M10, M13, M15, and M16; and by the organization’s level of international activity for Items M5, M6, M11, and M12. Conclusion- The findings indicate that traditional insurance practices remain limited in covering the financial and operational impacts of global supply chain risks. Data-driven monitoring, parametric payout mechanisms, contingent business interruption coverage, and alternative risk-transfer instruments emerge as key areas that could contribute to establishing a more integrated risk-management architecture in international trade. Keywords: International trade, global supply chain, risk management, integrated insurance models, parametric insurance.